On which types of vessels is GMDSS equipment mandatory?

GMDSS, or the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System, is a vital communication system designed to ensure that ships in distress can communicate effectively with rescue authorities. The use of GMDSS equipment is mandated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) under the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention.

The correct option pertains to passenger ships and large cargo ships, as these vessels are typically required to follow SOLAS regulations, which include the installation of GMDSS equipment. This requirement is based on their size, the number of passengers they carry, or the type of cargo they transport, which increases their risk profile and necessitates enhanced safety measures. GMDSS equipment on these vessels facilitates timely distress communication and ensures better coordination during emergencies, improving safety at sea.

In contrast, military vessels have specific communication protocols and equipment governed by military standards rather than commercial maritime regulations, which is why they're not included under the same GMDSS mandate. Pleasure craft under 8 meters and small fishing boats often have less stringent communication equipment requirements owing to their operational scope, size, and typically lower risk of emergencies compared to larger vessels.